A carbon capture trial by ArcelorMittal, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI), BHP and Mitsubishi Development Pty Ltd (MDP) has successfully captured carbon dioxide (CO₂) from blast furnace gas by applying MHI’s Advanced KM CDR Process™ at ArcelorMittal’s integrated steelmaking site in Gent, Belgium, concluding the first phase of the trial (phase 1).

The trial shows potential to significantly reduce CO₂ intensity in steel production.

ArcelorMittal is one of the world’s leading integrated steel and mining companies with a presence in 60 countries and primary steelmaking operations in 14 countries. According to ArcelorMittal, the trial demonstrated CO₂ capture, at pilot scale, at rates exceeding 90% and provided the operational and engineering data to support the assessment of the potential for future full-scale application of the carbon capture technology at the Gent blast furnace.

“With around 70% of global steel production from blast furnace steelmaking today, and anticipation for the route to remain a key steelmaking process for decades to come, it is critical that we work to reduce emissions from the blast furnace process while developing alternate steelmaking pathways.”

The assessments based on the trial results indicate that applying this technology at full scale to the pre-combustion blast furnace off-gas could reduce the CO₂ intensity at the Gent site by up to 24%^[1]. If the technology is further applied across multiple emission points in the steelmaking plant, the approach could support progress towards near zero emissions intensity^[2].

Frederik Van De Velde, CEO at ArcelorMittal Belgium, commented: “Together with our partners, we set out to better understand how carbon capture technology can be incorporated into existing steel plants. I am, therefore, very pleased at the successful outcome of the first stage of this important carbon capture trial at ArcelorMittal Gent. Scaling up the technologies we need to decarbonise, is the vital next step in our journey, and the blast furnace gas trial has given us important data in this respect. I would like to thank our partners, and all ArcelorMittal employees involved in making this stage of the pilot a success, and I look forward to seeing the first results from using carbon capture in the hot strip mill reheating furnace.”

The next phase (phase 2) of the trial aims to broaden the application of carbon capture technology across multiple emission points of the steelmaking process. This includes testing the capture technology on gases from the hot strip mill reheating furnace.

The hot strip mill reheating furnace is fired with gas and heats thick steel slabs to the temperature required for rolling into thin sheets.

Phase 1 of testing focused on capturing CO₂ from a proportion of the blast furnace off-gas, involving more than 4,500 hours of operational testing.

The blast furnace test demonstrated the technical feasibility of applying MHI’s carbon capture technology in the steel sector at facilities like ArcelorMittal’s site in Gent, a challenging industrial environment in which unburnt process gas, known as off-gas, carries dust, sulphur-containing compounds and other contaminants. The successful test increases confidence in the potential application of this technology across the sector. Tatsuto Nagayasu, senior vice president and head of CCUS at MHI said: “Completing more than 4,500 hours of operation and demonstrating CO₂ capture rates exceeding 90% from blast furnace gas represent an important milestone for the application of MHI’s carbon capture technology in the steel industry. The campaign has demonstrated the ability of the Advanced KM CDR Process™ to operate under challenging blast furnace gas conditions, including the presence of dust, sulphur-containing compounds and other impurities, while generating the data to support the assessment for future commercial-scale design."

Nagayasu said that the next phase at the hot strip mill will further strengthen understanding of how carbon capture can be integrated across multiple emission sources at an operating steelworks. "This project demonstrates how MHI’s proven carbon capture expertise can be applied to one of the world’s most challenging industrial decarbonisation applications.”

Blast furnace off-gas contains significant concentrations of CO₂ and carbon monoxide (CO). In this phase of the trial, only the CO₂ was captured.

At an integrated steelmaking plant, the remaining carbon content (in the form of CO), can be used for power and heat generation elsewhere on-site, with CO₂ released upon combustion.

An additional emission source within the integrated steelworks is also being assessed for the application of carbon capture technology. Building on the phase 1 progress, the demonstration’s second phase will capture CO₂ from gases produced by the hot strip mill reheating furnace (post-combustion).

The hot strip mill reheating furnace uses a blend of by-product gases from the steelmaking process, including coke oven gas, blast furnace off-gas and basic oxygen furnace gas, which together with natural gas represents a capture point with another source of CO₂ emissions within integrated steelmaking operations.

Phase 2 of the trial will assess the performance of MHI’s technology under a different and more dynamic flue-gas profile, providing further data on the integration of carbon capture across multiple emission points or processes within an integrated steelworks. Combining carbon capture technology across multiple processes in the steel plant, it could support progress towards near-zero emissions intensity steelmaking for the blast furnace. The results will inform updated engineering and deployment studies for future full scale applications. ArcelorMittal is facilitating the trial in Gent, with MHI providing its proprietary Advanced KM CDR Process™, and leading the carbon capture process engineering and technical evaluation. BHP and MDP, as key suppliers of high-quality steelmaking raw materials to ArcelorMittal’s European operations, are providing funding to support the trial.
Dr Ben Ellis, vice president marketing sustainability at BHP, commented: “With around 70% of global steel production from blast furnace steelmaking today, and anticipation for the route to remain a key steelmaking process for decades to come, it is critical that we work to reduce emissions from the blast furnace process while developing alternate steelmaking pathways.” Tadashi Mizuno, managing director and CEO, MDP said: “The positive results from phase 1 of testing have strengthened our confidence that carbon capture applied to blast furnace gas could provide a viable pathway for reducing emissions from the steel sector.”

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