Casting is the process of smelting metal into a liquid that meets certain requirements and pouring it into a mold. After cooling, solidification and cleaning, a casting (part or blank) with a predetermined shape, size and performance is obtained.

The casting process usually includes:

1. The preparation of the mold (the container for making the liquid metal into the solid casting). Molds can be divided into sand, metal, ceramic, clay, graphite, etc. according to the materials used, and can be divided into once according to the number of uses. The main factors affecting the quality of castings are the quality of castings, semi-permanent and permanent.

2. Melting and pouring of cast metal. Casting metals (casting alloys) mainly include cast iron, cast steel and non-ferrous alloys.

3. Inspection of casting processing, casting processing includes removing foreign matter on core and casting surface, removing dumping risers, shoveling burrs and overhanging joints and other protrusions, as well as heat treatment, shaping, rust prevention and rough processing.

Forging is a processing method that uses a forging machine to apply pressure to a metal blank to produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, certain shapes and sizes.

Through forging, the as-cast looseness of metal and welding holes can be eliminated, and the mechanical properties of forged parts are usually better than those of castings of the same material. For important mechanical parts with high load and harsh working conditions, in addition to simple shapes, profiles or welded parts that can be rolled, forgings are mostly used.

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